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KMID : 1033920110070010001
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Journal of The Korean Academy of Geriatric Denstry
2011 Volume.7 No. 1 p.1 ~ p.8
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Development of saliva substitutes based on understanding of dry mouth pathophysiology
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Kho Hong-Seop
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Abstract
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Dry mouth is common in the elderly and the prevalence is increasing with the advent of aged society. Dry mouth may have many causes, including medications, Sjo¨gren’s syndrome, head and neck radiotherapy, and other systemic conditions. Patients with dry mouth have many complaints and inadequate saliva production can significantly diminish quality of life in these patients. Sialometry for evaluating whole salivary flow rate is important. However, oral mucosal wetness is more important factor in the perception of dry mouth. Therefore the important role of oral mucosal residual saliva and minor salivary gland secretions for protecting oral mucosa from dry feeling has been suggested. At present there is no effective machinery for the treatment of dry mouth. Sialogogues are not always effective and have side effects. The effects of saliva substitutes are limited and usually not satisfactory. Therefore the development of novel sialogogues and saliva substitutes with more therapeutic and lesser side effects is needed. The development of ideal saliva substitutes or artificial saliva requires understanding of the rheological as well as biological properties of human saliva. Animal or plant substances have been suggested as candidate molecules and innate defense molecules in saliva have been used as antimicrobial supplements. Since molecules in saliva substitutes and host-derived antimicrobial salivary molecules exist simultaneously in saliva of patients with salivary hypofunction, information about interactions between these molecules is also necessary. For the development of ideal saliva substitutes, research based on pathophysiology of dry mouth condition and biorheology of human saliva is necessary.
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KEYWORD
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Dry mouth, Saliva substitutes, Artificial saliva
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